JMMBS
Journal of Movement Mechanics & Biomechanics Science
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimizing Seated Throwing Mechanics: Trunk Control as the Primary Power Lever
Authors and Affiliations
Dept. of Sports Biomechanics & Rehabilitation, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
0000-0002-9828-5723
0000-0002-9828-5723
Dept. of Exercise Science, American Sports Fitness University, USA.
0009-0002-1933-1152
0009-0002-1933-1152
M.M. Institute of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, India.
0000-0002-4215-6842
0000-0002-4215-6842
Asst. Fitness Directorate, Armah Sports Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
0009-0009-2138-7498
0009-0009-2138-7498
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
0000-0003-1051-6978
0000-0003-1051-6978
Technical Research Division, MMSx Authority Institute, USA.
0000-0001-7809-6311
0000-0001-7809-6311
Strength & Conditioning Dept, Bodygntx Rehab Institute, USA.
0009-0008-1523-6493
0009-0008-1523-6493
Abstract
Background: Seated throwing athletes operate under unique biomechanical constraints that fundamentally alter power generation and force transfer.
Methods: Synchronized motion capture, EMG, and ball-velocity data from 24 elite seated throwers were compared across three levels of trunk stability.
Results: High Control athletes achieved higher velocities with significantly reduced joint stress (p < .0001). Low Control athletes showed 27x higher injury incidence.
Conclusion: Trunk control is the primary power lever in seated throwing. Targeted trunk training is essential for performance and injury prevention.
JMMBS ID: JMMBS-2026-003-OSTM-V2-I2
IMSO ID: IMSO-REG-20260219-RS5219-OSTM
DOI: 10.66078/jmmbs.v2i2.003
License: CC BY 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
IMSO ID: IMSO-REG-20260219-RS5219-OSTM
DOI: 10.66078/jmmbs.v2i2.003
License: CC BY 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Figure 1: Athletes with high trunk control achieved comparable or better performance with significantly lower joint stress, greater efficiency, and a markedly lower injury incidence.
Figure 2: The relationship between individual trunk parameters and release velocity was not strongly linear, indicating a complex interplay of factors
Figure 3: A higher trunk stiffness index was strongly predictive of lower shoulder and elbow joint stress, highlighting the protective role of a well-controlled trunk.
Table : Comparison of Key Metrics by Trunk Control Level (Mean ± SD).