JMMBS

JMMBS

Journal of Movement Mechanics & Biomechanics Science

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[cite_start]POSITION PAPER [cite: 1] [cite_start]

Integrated Biomechanical Framework for the Barbell Back Squat: A 26-Parameter Model for Technique Standardization and Injury Risk Reduction [cite: 2, 3]

[cite_start]
Authors and Affiliations [cite: 4]
Dr. [cite_start]Neeraj Mehta, PhD [cite: 5] [cite_start]MMSx Authority Institute for Movement Mechanics & Biomechanics, Ohio, USA. [cite: 6] [cite_start]
0000-0001-6200-8495 [cite: 6]
Dr. [cite_start]Steve Henderson, PhD [cite: 7] [cite_start]MMSx Authority Institute for Movement Mechanics & Biomechanics, USA. [cite: 8] [cite_start]
0009-0005-7485-1427 [cite: 8]
Dr. [cite_start]Josh Smith, PhD [cite: 12] [cite_start]Clinical Rehabilitation & Sports Biomechanics Specialist, USA. [cite: 13] [cite_start]
0009-0008-1412-7076 [cite: 13]
Dr. [cite_start]Sajjan Pal, PhD [cite: 17] M.M. [cite_start]Institute of Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, India. [cite: 18] [cite_start]
0000-0002-4215-6842 [cite: 19]
[cite_start]Achouri Imen, PhD [cite: 23] [cite_start]High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia. [cite: 24] [cite_start]
0000-0003-1051-6978 [cite: 25]
Dr. [cite_start]Karun Jain, MBBS, MS, FACS [cite: 35] [cite_start]MMSx Authority Institute for Movement Mechanics & Biomechanics Research. [cite: 35] [cite_start]
0009-0000-9635-7132 [cite: 36]
[cite_start]

Abstract [cite: 39]

[cite_start]
Background: The back squat lacks a unified biomechanical framework, leading to inconsistent instruction and injury risk. [cite: 43]
[cite_start]
Objective: To propose a 26-parameter (A-Z) framework integrating anthropometry, joint mechanics, and real-time sensor feedback. [cite: 46]
[cite_start]
Methods: Evidence synthesis from motion capture, force-plate kinetics, EMG, and IMU data. [cite: 48]
[cite_start]
Results: Defined recommended joint angle ranges and fault thresholds (e.g., lumbar flexion >10°). [cite: 51, 52]
[cite_start]
Conclusion: This structured reference optimizes mechanics and reduces mechanical overload risk. [cite: 54]
JMMBS ID: JMMBS-2026-SQT-V3-I1
IMSO ID: IMSO-REG-20231015-SQT-26PM
DOI: 10.66078/jmmbs.v3i1.backsquat
Figure 1 [cite_start]
Figure 1. Anthropometric influence on squat mechanics [cite: 111, 112]
Figure 2 [cite_start]
Figure 2. GRF distribution across stance widths [cite: 142, 143]
Figure 5 [cite_start]
Figure 3. Ideal bar path trajectory alignment (±3 cm) [cite: 200, 203]
Figure 11 [cite_start]
Figure 4. Integrated multi-sensor biomechanical monitoring [cite: 655, 656]
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